Study Shows Frequent AI Users Struggle With Problem-Solving

A recent study from the SBS Swiss Business School highlights the potential downsides of relying too heavily on AI tools.

The research, published in Societies, reveals that frequent use of AI tools, such as virtual assistants and recommendation systems, may harm critical thinking skills by encouraging “cognitive offloading”—the tendency to delegate thinking tasks to technology.

The study involved over 600 participants from diverse age groups and educational backgrounds. Using surveys and interviews, researchers found a strong link between high AI tool usage and reduced critical thinking abilities.

Younger participants, who relied more on AI, scored lower on critical thinking tests compared to older individuals. Meanwhile, those with higher education levels maintained stronger critical thinking skills, regardless of AI use.

Cognitive offloading refers to using external tools, like AI, to handle tasks that would otherwise require mental effort. While this can make life easier, it may also reduce opportunities for deep, reflective thinking. For example, one participant admitted,

“I use AI for everything, from scheduling to finding information. It’s become a part of how I think.” Another shared concerns, saying, “The more I use AI, the less I feel the need to problem-solve on my own. It’s like I’m losing my ability to think critically.”

The study found that AI tools often act as cognitive shortcuts, reducing the need for independent analysis and problem-solving. This aligns with earlier research, such as the “Google effect,” which suggests that easy access to information can weaken memory retention and analytical skills.

The findings have significant implications for education. While AI tools can enhance learning by providing quick answers and personalised feedback, they may also discourage students from engaging deeply with material.

As one participant with a doctoral degree noted, “While I use AI tools regularly, I always make sure to critically evaluate the information I receive. My education has taught me the importance of not accepting things at face value.”

The study suggests that educators should balance AI integration with activities that promote critical thinking. For instance, encouraging students to question AI-generated content and engage in problem-solving exercises could help mitigate the negative effects of cognitive offloading.

The research underscores the need for a balanced approach to AI usage. While AI tools offer undeniable benefits, such as efficiency and convenience, over-reliance on them may come at the cost of essential cognitive skills.

As the author concludes, “Educators, policymakers, and technologists must work collaboratively to foster environments that balance the benefits of AI with the development of critical thinking.”

The study also calls for further research to explore long-term effects and potential interventions. By understanding how AI impacts cognition, society can better harness its power without compromising human intellect. As AI continues to evolve, striking this balance will be crucial for ensuring that future generations remain capable of independent, critical thought.